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Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz (c. 682 - February, 720 [1] (Arabic: عمر بن عبد العزيز) was an Umayyad caliph who ruled from 717 to 720. Unlike previous Umayyad caliphs, he was not a hereditary successor to the former caliph, but was appointed. But he was also a cousin of the former caliph, being the son of Abd al-Malik's younger brother Abd al-Aziz.