7th century
The 7th century is the period from 601 - 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era.
Overview
During this century, the Eastern Roman Empire continued suffering setbacks, which increased after the 630s, when an Arab prophet called Mohammed militantly established the militant and geographically aggressive Islamic faith, and set the stage for the rapid expansion of the Arab Empire. Although life in the countryside deterioated, Constantinople grew to become the largest and wealthiest city in the world.
Events
- Islam begins in Arabia, the Qur'an is documented.
- The Roman-Persian Wars end.
- The Muslim conquests begin.
- The Islamic conquest of Persia, the Persian Empire is conquered by Muslim Arabs led by Khalid ibn al-Walid.
- The Byzantine-Arab Wars, much of the Roman Empire is conquered by Muslim Arabs led by Khalid ibn al-Walid.
- Sutton Hoo ship burial, East Anglia (modern England)
- Xuan Zang (aka Hsuan-Tsang) traveled from China to India, before returning to Chang An in China to translate Buddhist scriptures.
- End of sporadic Buddhist rule in the Sindh.
- Croats and Serbs entered their present territory early in the 7th century AD, settling in six distinct tribal delimitations, whilst Croats set up early states.
- Teotihuacan is sacked and burnt.
- The religion of Shugendo evolves from Buddhism, Taoism, Shinto and other influences in the mountains of Japan.
- The Bulgars arrive in the Balkans.
- Arab traders penetrate the area of Lake Chad.
- Earliest attested English poetry
- Library of Alexandria destroyed again
- Tang Dynasty of China initiated by Li Yuan in 618 AD
- The Chenla kingdom completely absorbed Funan.
- Guangzhou, China, becomes a major international seaport, hosting maritime travelers from Egypt, East Africa, Arabia, Persia, India, Sri Lanka, and South East Asia, including Muslims, Jews, Hindus, and Nestorian Christians.
Significant persons
- Muhammad (570-632), final prophet of Islamic religion
- Abu Bakr, first caliph of Islam
- Umar, second caliph of Islam
- Uthman, third caliph of Islam
- Ali ibn Abi Talib (600-661), cousin of Muhammad, fourth caliph of Islam
- Emperor Taizong of Tang (599-649 AD), China
- Khalid ibn al-Walid (The Sword of Allah) (592-642), Muslim Arab military commander who defeats both the Roman and Persian empires in over eighty battles.
- Asparuh - Khan of the Bulgars
- The Unknown Archont led the Serbs to the Balkans from the north
- Antara Ibn Shaddad, Arab poet
- Augustine Eriugena, Irish scientist
- Brahmagupta, Indian mathematician
- Cenn Fáelad mac Aillila, Irish scholar, died 679
- Gregory the Great (Pope, 540-604)
- Saint Cuthbert
- Heraclius - Warrior Emperor of Byzantium who won numerous victories against the Sassanids (Persians)
- Yeon Gaesomun, Generalissimo of Goguryeo
- Emperor Taizong of Tang China
- Pulakesi II, comes to power
- Isaac of Nineveh (d 700) Nestorian theologian
- Saint Asaph
- Dae Jo Yeong, founder of Balhae, a state in ancient Manchuria
Inventions, discoveries, introductions
- The stirrup introduced to Persia from China, late 7th century
- Earliest known record of the game Chatrang, predecessor to Chess
- After sailing from Ethiopia, Sa`d ibn Abi Waqqas brings the first Quran to China, and establishes the first Islamic mosque of China in Guangzhou in the 630s.
Decades and years
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